AI혁명을 이끌 세 군데 생성형 AI 기업은?

AI혁명이 진행 중입니다. 가장 주목할 만한 AI 모델 세 가지를 소개하고, 똑같은 질문에 어떻게 답변하였는지 살펴보겠습니다.

 

1. 생성형 AI란

 

작년 챗GPT가 처음 등장할 때만해도 그냥 흥미로운 기술 혁신이 하나 또 나왔다고 생각했습니다. 그러나 사람들이 챗GPT의 기술과 파급력을 깨닫기 시작하면서 이게 AI혁명으로 이어질 것이라는 기대를 하고 있습니다. (그 의미에 대해서 해석하는 다양한 글, 동영상이 있으니 구글이나 유투브를 참고하시기 바랍니다. 오늘은 주요 생성형AI 기업에 대해 설명하는 데 집중하겠습니다.)

 

생성형 AI는 AI가 학습을 통하여 대화, 이미지, 음악, 예술을 창작할 수 있는 기술을 의미합니다. 영어로는 Generative AI라고 합니다. 무엇인가를 생산하다, 제조하다라는 의미의 generate라는 동사를 떠올리면 이해가 쉽습니다.

 

2. 주목할 만한 생성형AI 모델 3가지 - ChatGPT, Bard, Anthropic

 

 ChatGPT

 

ChatGPT는 Open AI에서 개발한 생성형 AI 어플리케이션입니다.

https://chat.openai.com/

 

현재 3.5 모델이 범용으로 공개되어 있고, 월 $20 지불하면 사용할 수 있는 4.0 모델이 상용화되어 있습니다. 

 

3.5 모델은 올해 2월 대중에 공개되자마자 큰 반향을 불러일으켰습니다. AI의 대중화를 알리는 중대한 사건이었습니다. 다만 3.5 모델은 2021년까지 학습한 데이터로만 답변을 주기 때문에 한계가 있습니다. 

 

챗GPT와 같은 문자 처리 AI모델은 거대언어모델(Large Language Model, LLM)이라고 부르는 모델로 학습을 합니다. AI 모델의 사양은 매개변수(파라미터)의 수로 표현이 됩니다. 챗GPT 3는 대략 1,750억 개의 파라미터를 사용한 것으로 알려졌습니다. 

 

바드

https://bard.google.com/

 

구글이 개발한 생성형 AI 어플리케이션입니다. 기존에 구글의 LLM인 LaMDA, PaLM 2가 사용되었습니다. 그러다 지난 12월 6일 구글은 새로운 LLM인 제미나이(Gemini)를 발표하였습니다. 자체 테스테에서 ChatGPT4를 능가하였다고 발표하였으나 아직 파라미터 개수를 구체적으로 공개하지는 않았습니다.

제미나이의 성능 및 성과에 대해서는 조금 더 지켜보아야 할 것 같습니다.

Claude by  앤트로픽 AI (Anthropic AI)

https://claude.ai/

 

앤트로픽 AI는 아직 크지는 않지만 Open AI 출신 직원들이 만든 생성형 AI 기업입니다. Open AI가 자회사를 만들어 마이크로소프트로부터 투자를 받자 이에 반발한 직원들이 만든 회사로 알려져 화제가 되었습니다. 

 

Claude는 앤트로픽 AI가 만든 첫 대화형 인공지능으로서 520억 개의 매개변수를 갖고 있습니다.

 

AI의 위험성을 강조하며, 이타주의적 공익적 성향의 생성형 AI를 만든다고 합니다.

 

 

3. 3개 모델 비교

이 세 모델을 같은 주제로 비교하여 봤습니다.
세 모델에게 대한민국의 저출산의 원인에 대해 물었습니다. 정확한 비교를 위해 모두 영어로 질문하였습니다.

Please describe why South Korea suffer from record low birth rate in terms of sociology.

 

 

챗GTP 3.5의 답변

 

South Korea has been grappling with a record low birth rate, and understanding this phenomenon requires examining various sociological factors that contribute to the trend. Several interconnected social, economic, and cultural factors play a role in shaping fertility patterns in the country:


1. Economic Pressures: South Korea has experienced rapid economic development and urbanization, leading to high costs of living, housing, and education. Young couples often face financial challenges, including high housing prices and the cost of raising children. Economic instability and the pursuit of career advancement may also delay marriage and parenthood.

2. Work-Life Imbalance: The demanding work culture in South Korea, with long working hours and intense competition in the job market, creates challenges for work-life balance. Many individuals, particularly women, may prioritize their careers over starting a family due to the perceived difficulty of juggling both responsibilities.

3. Gender Roles and Expectations: Traditional gender roles still persist in South Korean society, with expectations regarding women's primary role as caregivers. The pressure on women to manage both work and family responsibilities can be a deterrent to having children. Cultural norms may influence individuals to delay or forgo marriage and parenthood.

4. Education System: The highly competitive education system places a significant burden on students and parents alike. Academic pressures and the pursuit of educational excellence can contribute to delayed marriage and childbirth. Many young adults may prioritize their education and career over starting a family.

5. Social Infrastructure: The lack of supportive social infrastructure, such as affordable childcare services and parental leave policies, can discourage individuals from having children. Inadequate support systems for working parents make it challenging for couples to balance work and family life.

6. Housing Issues: High housing costs, especially in urban areas, can pose a significant barrier to starting a family. Many young couples may delay having children until they can secure stable housing, contributing to the overall decline in birth rates.

7. Social Stigma and Pressure: Societal expectations and norms can exert pressure on individuals to conform to certain timelines for marriage and childbirth. Those who deviate from these expectations may face social stigma, making it difficult for them to make choices that differ from the traditional family model.

Addressing the low birth rate in South Korea requires a comprehensive approach that includes economic reforms, changes in workplace culture, adjustments to gender roles, and the development of supportive social policies to create a more family-friendly environment.

 

 

 

바드AI by 제미나이의 답변

 

South Korea's record-low birth rate is a complex issue with roots in several sociological factors:

Economic pressures:

- High cost of living: Housing, education, and healthcare costs are skyrocketing, making raising children financially challenging. Young couples often delay marriage and childbearing due to financial insecurity.
- Long working hours: The infamous "workaholic culture" leaves many young people exhausted and lacking time for childcare and family life.
- Limited job security: The rise in temporary and contract work creates uncertainty and anxiety about the future, discouraging people from starting families.

Social and cultural changes:

- Shifting gender roles: Women are increasingly pursuing higher education and careers, leading to fewer marriages and later childbearing.
- Individualism: The traditional emphasis on family and social duty is waning, replaced by a focus on individual fulfillment and self-actualization.
- Declining social support: Extended families and communities are less involved in childcare, leaving young parents feeling isolated and overwhelmed.
- Negative perception of parenthood: The media often portrays parenting as stressful and unrewarding, contributing to a hesitancy towards having children.

Education system:

- High academic pressure: The intense focus on standardized tests and college entrance exams causes young people to prioritize education and career advancement over family life.
- Competition for limited resources: The fiercely competitive education system creates a stressful and anxiety-inducing environment, discouraging people from having children.

Government policies:

- Insufficient childcare support: Government policies do not adequately address the lack of affordable and accessible childcare facilities.
- Limited parental leave: Current parental leave policies are often insufficient, forcing parents, especially mothers, to choose between career and family.
- Lack of housing support: The high cost of housing makes it difficult for young couples to afford a suitable home for raising children.

These factors combine to create a challenging environment for young people in South Korea, leading to a decline in marriage and childbearing rates. The government and society need to work together to address these issues by implementing policies that support young families, creating a more family-friendly work culture, and promoting a positive image of parenthood.

Here are some additional points to consider:

* The low birth rate is not unique to South Korea, it is a global phenomenon with varying degrees of severity.
* While the government has implemented some policies to address the issue, such as increasing childcare subsidies and parental leave, their effectiveness has been limited.
* There is a growing social movement in South Korea advocating for change and demanding greater support for young families and working parents.

By understanding the complex social and economic factors contributing to the low birth rate, South Korea can develop more comprehensive and effective solutions to address this critical issue.

 

앤트로픽 AI의 답변

South Korea's birth rate has been declining for years and has now hit a record-low, with many sociological factors contributing to this trend:

1. Changing gender roles and more women in the workforce: As opportunities for education and careers have expanded for South Korean women, many are choosing to delay or forgo marriage and motherhood. Support systems for working mothers are still lacking despite more women working. The clash between traditional gender expectations and modern realities turns many women off from having children.

2. High costs of raising children: From childcare, to extracurricular activities, to college tuition, parents in South Korea face very high educational and living expenses in raising children. This economic burden deters many couples.

3. Limited housing space: Real estate costs in dense urban centers makes larger homes for families expensive or hard to find. The cramped living spaces in cities don't accommodate families well.

4. Social norms and family expectations: Confucian-influenced societal pressures about things like career success and providing fully for children's futures adds stress for parents. Outdated stigmas around things like unwed mothers persist too in South Korea.

5. Work culture and uncertainty about economy: Jobs require very long hours in S. Korea, with intense workplace cultures and demanding bosses. Surveys show overwork and work-family imbalance make parenthood unappealing to many South Koreans today given economic anxiety.

In short, an interplay of social, cultural, economic, and political realities combine to make having children a less desirable option for many young Koreans now compared to past generations. Addressing core systemic issues is key to reversing the declining birthrates.